Al-Imam Ibnu
Jauzi ada mengarang sebuah kitab bertajuk Ahkam an-Nisa’. Buku ini menghuraikan hukum-hakam yang
berkaitan dengan wanita. Al-Imam Ibn al-Jauzi rahimahullah menuliskan sebuah
bab yang bertajuk:
الباب الثالث في وجوبِ طلب العلْم على
المرأة
Bab
Ketiga: Kewajipan Menuntut Ilmu Untuk Wanita
Imam Ibn al-Jauzi menyatakan:
Wanita adalah insan yang diletakkan kewajipan atau
tanggunjawab sebagaimana lelaki. Wajib ke atas seorang wanita untuk menuntut
ilmu yang wajib untuk dirinya agar dia dapat menunaikan kewajipan dengan penuh
keyakinan.
Disebutkan bahawa kaum lelaki akan memperolehi bidadari di jannah
(syurga), lalu bagi kaum wanitanya?
Jawapan:
Pertama: Jika para wanita dunia beriman dan beramal soleh maka mereka
juga akan mendapatkan kenikmatan para bidadara sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh
keumuman ayat-ayat yang menegaskan bahawasanya
bagi para penduduk syurga segala apa yang mereka inginkan dan hasratkan. Allah
Tabaraka wa Ta’ala berfirman mengenai nikmat yang diperolehi penghuni syurga,
“Di dalamnya kamu memperolehi segala sesuatu yang kamu inginkan dan
kamu pun memperolehi segala sesuatu yang kamu cinta. Sebagai hidangan (bagimu)
daripada (Rabb) Yang Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.” (Qs. Fushshilat: 31–32)
“Di dalam jannah itu terdapat segala apa yang diinginkan oleh hati
dan sedap (dipandang) mata, dan kamu kekal di dalamnya.”(Qs. az-Zukhruf: 71)
Sudah maklum juga bahawa “zuwaj” (pasangan hidup) merupakan hal
yang diinginkan oleh hati dan ini akan diperolehi oleh ahli syurga, baik yang
lelaki mahupun wanita. Dan kenikmatan syurga bukanlah diciptakan
dan disediakan oleh Allah hanya untuk para lelaki saja akan tetapi kepada
seluruh orang-orang yang bertakwa baik dari kalangan lelaki maupun wanita.
Allah berfirman:
Daripada ‘Aisyah radiallahu ‘anha, bahawa Rasulullah sallallahu
‘alaihi wa sallam bersabda:
إِنَّمَا النِّسَاءُ شَقَائِقُ الرِّجَالِ
”Sesungguhnya wanita adalah bahagian daripada lelali.”
[Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitab at-Taharah,
hadis no : 113, salah seorang perawi bernama Abdullah bin Umar dinyatakan dhaif
oleh Yahya bin Sa’id kerana hafazannya]
Ibnul Atsir (w. 606 H) menjelaskan tentang hadis ini:
This book is an adaptation of the Muqaddimah or Preface to Mohammad Akram’s 40-volume biographical dictionary (in Arabic) of the Muslim women who studied and taught hadith. It demonstrates the central role women had in preserving the Prophet’s teaching, which remains the master-guide to understanding the Qur'an as rules and norms for life. Within the bounds of modesty in dress and manners, women routinely attended and gave classes in the major mosques and madrasas, travelled intensively for ‘the knowledge’, transmitted and critiqued hadith, issued fatwas, etc. Some of the most renowned scholars among men have depended on, and praised, the scholarship of their women teachers. The women scholars enjoyed considerable public authority in society, not exceptionally, but as the norm.
The huge body of information reviewed in al-Muhaddithat is essential to understanding the role of women in Islamic society, their past achievement and future potential. Hitherto it has been so dispersed as to be ‘hidden’. Akram’s dictionary will greatly facilitate further study, contextualization and analysis.
‘Atha’ bin Abu
Rabah berkata: Ibn ‘Abbas radiallahu ‘anhuma berkata kepada: Mahukah engkau jika
aku tunjukkan seorang wanita daripada kalangan penghuni syurga. Aku menjawab: Sudah
pasti ! Ibn ‘Abbas berkata: Inilah perempuan kulit hitam yang datang berjumpa
Rasulullah sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam, lalu dia berkata kepada baginda:
Sesungguhnya aku menghidapi penyakit sawan (lalu apabila sawan ku datang),
aurat aku akan terbuka. Doalah kepada Allah untuk diri ku.
Dan
orang-orang yang tidak mampu berkahwin hendaklah menjaga kesucian [diri]nya,
sehingga Allah mengkayakan mereka dengan kurniaanNya. Dan hamba-hamba yang kamu
miliki yang mahukan perjanjian (agar mereka dibebaskan), hendaklah kamu buat
perjanjian dengan mereka, jika kamu mengetahui ada kebaikan pada mereka, dan
berikanlah kepada mereka sebahagian daripada harta Allah yang dikurniakan-Nya
kepadamu. Dan janganlah kamu paksa hamba-hamba wanitamu untuk melakukan
pelacuran, sedang mereka sendiri mahukan kesucian, kerana kamu hendak mencari
keuntungan duniawi. Dan barangsiapa yang memaksa mereka, maka sesungguhnya
Allah adalah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang [kepada mereka] sesudah mereka
dipaksa [itu] . (33) [an-Nur 24 : 33]
Dan kahwinkanlah orang-orang yang
sendirian di kalangan kamu, dan orang-orang yang layak [berkahwin] daripada
hamba-hamba sahayamu yang lelaki dan hamba-hamba sahayamu yang perempuan. Jika
mereka miskin Allah akan mengkayakan mereka dengan kurniaanNya. Dan Allah Maha
luas [pemberian-Nya] lagi Maha Mengetahui. (32)
Dan orang-orang yang tidak mampu berkahwin
hendaklah menjaga kesucian [diri]nya, sehingga Allah mengkayakan mereka dengan
kurniaanNya. Dan hamba-hamba yang kamu miliki yang mahukan perjanjian (agar
mereka dibebaskan), hendaklah kamu buat perjanjian dengan mereka, jika kamu
mengetahui ada kebaikan pada mereka, dan berikanlah kepada mereka sebahagian
daripada harta Allah yang dikurniakan-Nya kepadamu. Dan janganlah kamu paksa hamba-hamba
wanitamu untuk melakukan pelacuran, sedang mereka sendiri mahukan kesucian, kerana
kamu hendak mencari keuntungan duniawi. Dan barangsiapa yang memaksa mereka,
maka sesungguhnya Allah adalah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang [kepada
mereka] sesudah mereka dipaksa [itu] . (33) [an-Nur 24 : 32-33]
Gesaan Untuk
Berkahwin
Al-Imam Ibn Kathir rahimahullah berkata dalam Tafsir
al-Quran al-Azhim:
Beberapa dalil daripada Al-Quran dan Hadis
telah menyebut tentang kelebihannya:
1. Firman Allah SWT:
[ وَالْفَجْرِ وَلَيَالٍ
عَشْر]
Maksudnya: {Demi fajar dan
malam yang sepuluh.} [Al-Fajr: 1-2]
Kata Ibnu Kathir: Yang
dimaksudkan di sini ialah sepuluh malam yang pertama pada bulan Zulhijjah.
Demikian juga tafsiran Ibnu Abbas, Ibnu Az-Zubair, Mujahid dan lainnya. [HR:
Imam Bukhari].
2. Dari Ibnu Abbas RA,
Rasulullah SAW telah bersabda:
Maksudnya: “Tidak ada hari yang amal soleh
padanya lebih dikasihi Allah selain dari hari-hari yang sepuluh ini.” Para
sahabat bertanya: Walaupun berjihad di jalan Allah?Rasulullah bersabda:
“Walaupun berjihad di jalan Allah, kecuali lelaki yang keluar (berjihad)
membawa diri serta hartanya dan tidak kembali lagi selepas itu (syahid).” [HR:
Ahmad, At-Tirmizi].
Syaikh Musthofa Al 'Adwai hafizhohullah
ditanya: "Bolehkah wanita menyembelih kurban?"
Beliau menjawab, "Ya, boleh
bagi wanita menyembelih kurban, amalan seperti itu tidaklah terlarang. Bahkan
Imam Bukhari pernah mengeluarkan hadits dari Ka'ab bin Malik radhiyallahu
'anhu
أَنَّ جَارِيَةً لَهُمْ كَانَتْ تَرْعَى غَنَمًا
بِسَلْعٍ، فَأَبْصَرَتْ بِشَاةٍ مِنْ غَنَمِهَا مَوْتًا، فَكَسَرَتْ حَجَرًا
فَذَبَحَتْهَا، فَقَالَ لأَهْلِهِ لاَ تَأْكُلُوا حَتَّى آتِىَ النَّبِىَّ صلى
الله عليه وسلم فَأَسْأَلَهُ، أَوْ حَتَّى أُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ يَسْأَلُهُ.
فَأَتَى النَّبِىَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَوْ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَمَرَ النَّبِىُّ صلى
الله عليه وسلم بِأَكْلِهَا
"Ada seorang budak wanita
menggembala kambing di daerah Sale'. Ternyata dia melihat di antara kurbannya
ada yang akan mati. Lalu dia segera memecah batu, lantas dia menyembelihnya.
Dia mengatakan pada keluarganya: "Janganlah kalian makan hingga Nabi sallallahu
'alaihi wasallam datang lantas aku yang menanyakannya atau aku mengutus
seseorang untuk bertanya pada baginda. Nabi sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam
datang lantas baginda memerintahkan untuk memakan hasil sembelihan
tersebut." (Jaami' Ahkamin Nisaa',
5: 603)
Wallahu a'lam. Jom perbanyakkan ibadah pada 10 awal Zulhijjah!!
What is your concept of an Islamic marriage?
Are you seeking only an Islamic Marriage, or civil, or both? Explain why for all reasons.
What are your expectations of marriage?
What are the three most important requirements you look for in a potential spouse?
What are you expecting of your spouse?
What is your view of the role of a husband?
What is your view of the role of a wife?
What would you consider causes serious enough for a divorce?
Are you seeking a polygamous marriage? Explain why/ why not in detail.
How do you dress?
How would you expect your future spouse to dress?
About the Future: (6 Questions)
What are your goals in life? Long term and short term plans.
Identify three things that you want to accomplish in the new future.
Where do you want to live (country)? And why? How would you gain legal status there?
What are your career goals (realistic and achievable)?
How long do you expect to achieve those goals?
ًWhat are you doing to achieve those goals currently?
About Religion: (22 Questions)
What is the role of religion in your life – now?
Are you a spiritual person?
What can you offer your mate, spiritually?
How much Qur'an do you have memorized?
Do you pray all 5 daily prayers? Do you pray them on time? If not, why?
Do you dress according to Islamic guidelines? If not, why?
Do you pray Tarawih during Ramadan? If not, why?
Do you pray any or all of your prayers in the masjid?
If you are a male, do you pray every Jummah prayer in the masjid? If not, why?
Have you ever performed Ummrah or Hajj?
How do you interact with non-Muslims during their holidays?
Daily Life Matters:
Do you feel that both the husband and wife should share in household chores?
What is your opinion of speaking other languages in the home that I do not understand? With friends? With family?
Do you like to have guests in your home for entertainment?
How do you make important and less important decisions in your life?
Do you expect all decisions to be made as a couple, considering the
other's views? Or do you believe the man makes all the decisions even if
the wife disagrees? How will you manage this situation?
Do you support the idea of utilizing baby-sitters and maids?
In-Laws: (11 Questions)
What do you expect your relationship to be like with the family of your spouse?
What do you expect the relationship between your spouse and your family to be like?
Is there anyone in your family that lives with you now?
Are you planning to have anyone in your family live with you in the future?
Will your spouse be obligated to care (physically or financially) for the in-laws if they live with you?
Are there any family members that are financially dependent on you for support? (partial or full support) Explain.
If for any reason your relationship with your in-laws turns sour, what should be done?
If for any reason your spouse's relationship with your family turns sour, what should be done?
If your family mistreats your spouse in a matter, how would you handle the situation?
If your spouse mistreat your family in a situation, how would you handle the situation?
If a family conflict reaches an unresolvable solution, and either
your family or your spouse gives you the ultimate that it is “you or
them”, how would you resolve the matter?
Dealing with Emotions: (20 Questions)
After marriage, do you think that you are one to express romantic feelings verbally?
After marriage, do you think that you want to express affection in public?
How do you express your admiration for someone that you know - now?
How do you express your feelings to someone who has done a favor for you?
Do you like to write your feelings?
If someone has wronged you, how do you want them to apologize to you?
If you wrong someone, how do you apologize?
How much time passes before you choose to forgive someone?
Do you use foul language at home? In public? With your family?
Do your friends use foul language?
Does your family use foul language?
How do you express anger?
How do you expect your spouse to express anger?
What do you do when you are angry?
When do you think it is appropriate to initiate mediation in a marriage?
When there is a dispute in your marriage, religious or not, how should the conflict be resolved?
Are you willing to have intervention via an Imam, counselor, psychologist, or psychiatrist if needed?
Define mental, verbal, emotional, and physical abuse.
What would you do if you felt that you had been abused?
Who would you call for assistance if you were being abused?
Money Matters:
What is your definition of wealth?
Do you give sadaqa regularly?
If you got married, and your spouse's family needed financial
assistance would you be willing to help them if/when the need arises?
In truth all praise is due to Allah alone and may the choicest peace and blessings of Allah be upon our Beloved Prophet Muhammad [sallallahu 'alyhiwa sallam] - whose words men, as well as women, were and are ever ready to study and teach. Aameen
Around the world thousands flock yearly to the holy city of Makkah. The rich history behind this city illuminates a yearning within the hearts of the believers, inflaming a desire within them to visit its Haram [Holy Sanctuary] time after time again. Truly a blessed city, it has been -and still is- ripe in imparting knowledge for those who wish to learn. Yet, how many have heard of the famous Meccan female hadeeth scholar: Kareemah bint Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hatim al Marwaziyyah?